|
Manus Island is part of Manus Province in northern Papua New Guinea and is the largest island of the Admiralty Islands. It is the fifth largest island in Papua New Guinea with an area of 2,100 km², measuring around 100 km × 30 km. According to the 2000 census, the whole Manus Province had a population of 43,387, rising to 50,321 as of 2011 Census.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Papua New Guinea )〕 Lorengau, the capital of Manus Province, is located on the island. Momote Airport, the terminal for Manus Province, is located on nearby Los Negros Island. A bridge connects Los Negros to Manus Island and the province capital of Lorengau. In addition to its resident population, asylum seekers have been relocated here from Australia between 2001-2004 and since 2012.〔Matt Siegel: ("Australia Adopts Tough Measures to Curb Asylum Seekers" ), in The New York Times, 19 July 2013〕 Manus Island is covered in rugged jungles, which can be broadly described as lowland tropical rain forest. The highest point on Manus Island is Mt. Dremsel 718 metres (2,356 feet) above sea level at the centre of the south coast. Manus is volcanic in origin and probably broke through the ocean's surface in the late Miocene, 8–10 million years ago. The substrate of the island is either directly volcanic or from uplifted coral limestone. Manus Island is home to the Emerald green snail, whose shells are harvested to be sold as jewellery. == History == The first recorded sighting of Manus by Europeans was by Spanish explorer Álvaro de Saavedra on board of the carrack ''Florida'' on 15 August 1528, when trying to return to New Spain from the Maluku Islands. Saavedra circled Manus and landed possibly in the Murai islet in its south west. Murai was found inhabited and some natives came out in canoes attacking with arrows. Three of these men were captured by the Spaniards and were returned by Saavedra to the same island on his second attempt to return to North America the following year. Manus was charted as ''Urays la Grande'' or Big Urays, which is probably a projection of Murai to signify the big Murai. In World War II Manus was the site of an observation post manned by No. 4 Section, 'B' Platoon, 1st Independent Company, Australian Imperial Force, who also provided medical treatment to the inhabitants. Manus was first bombed by the Japanese on 25 January 1942, the radio mast being the main target.〔 On 8 April 1942 an Imperial Japanese force consisting of the light cruiser ''Tatsuta'', destroyer ''Mutsuki'' and a troop transport ship ''Mishima Maru'' entered Lorengau harbour and several hundred Japanese soldiers of the 8th Special Base Force swarmed ashore onto the Australian-mandated island. The vastly outnumbered Australians withdrew into the jungle.〔 Later in 1942, Japan established a military base on Manus. This was attacked by United States forces in the Admiralty Islands campaign of February–March 1944. An Allied naval base was established at Seeadler Harbor on the island and it later supported the British Pacific Fleet. In 1950–51 the Australian government conducted the last trials against Japanese war criminals on the island.〔Piccigallo, Philip; ''The Japanese on Trial''; Austin 1979; ISBN 0-292-78033-8, ch.: "Australia".〕 One case heard was that of Takuma Nishimura, who faced an Australian military court. He had already been tried by a British military court in relation to the Sook Ching massacre in Singapore and sentenced to life imprisonment. While on a stopover in Hong Kong he was intercepted by Australian Military Police. Evidence was presented stating that Nishimura had ordered the shootings of wounded Australian and Indian soldiers at Parit Sulong and the disposal of bodies so that there was no trace of evidence. In this trial he was found guilty and was hanged on 11 June 1951. American anthropologist Margaret Mead lived on Manus before and after the war, and gave detailed accounts in ''Growing up in New Guinea'' and ''New Lives for Old''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manus Island」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|